Salamandras Mesoamericanas (Amphibia: Caudata) como Grupo Focal de Conservación

Autores/as

  • Elí García-Padilla Oaxaca de Juarez
  • Dominic L. DeSantis Georgia College & State University
  • Arturo Rocha El Paso Community College
  • Vicente Mata-Silva The University of Texas at El Paso
  • Jerry D. Johnson The University of Texas at El Paso
  • Lydia Allison Fucsko Swinburne University of Technology
  • David Lazcano-Villarreal Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
  • Larry David Wilson Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/bys4.7-20

Palabras clave:

Caudata, diminución de la biodiversidad, América Central, México, niveles prioritarios de conservación

Resumen

Las salamandras constituyen el segundo orden más grande de anfibios en el mundo. Las 762 especies que ocurren a nivel mundial están organizadas en nueve familias, de las cuales ocho se encuentran en el hemisferio occidental. Las 308 especies de salamandras mesoamericanas están distribuidas en cuatro familias, solo dos de las cuales tienen representantes que se encuentran significativamente al sur de la frontera de México y Estados Unidos. Esas dos familias son Ambystomatidae, con 18 especies mesoamericanas, y Plethodontidae, con 287 especies. La mayoría de las salamandras mesoamericanas son endémicas de México o Centroamérica o de Mesoamérica en general. La mayor cantidad de especies endémicas pertenece a los géneros Ambystoma, Bolitoglossa, Chiropterotriton, Nototriton, Oedipina, Pseudoeurycea y Thorius. La mayor diversidad de salamandras se encuentra en México, seguido en orden por Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panamá, Nicaragua, El Salvador y Belice. La cantidad de endemismo varía en orden de mayor a menor en Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, Panamá, El Salvador y Belice. La mayoría de las especies de salamandras mesoamericanas ocupan el nivel de prioridad de conservación uno, con un total de 244 especies y el 88.4% de las 276 especies endémicas de México y Centroamérica. Estas 244 especies constituyen un grupo de enfoque de conservación clave para Mesoamérica basado en varios criterios. La mayoría de las especies del nivel de prioridad de conservación uno, están ubicadas en la Mesa Central, la Sierra Madre Occidental, la Sierra Madre Oriental, la Sierra Madre del Sur, la Sierra de Los Tuxtlas, las tierras altas de Centroamérica nuclear occidental y oriental, las tierras altas del Istmo de Centroamérica y las tierras altas del este de Panamá. En términos generales, la importancia del recurso de biodiversidad representado por las salamandras mesoamericanas no es tomado en cuenta fuera de un pequeño grupo de herpetólogos y taxónomos interesados en la conservación del grupo en la región. No obstante, estas salamandras están actualmente amenazadas por las actividades destructivas de los humanos y potencialmente amenazadas por la posibilidad de la invasión de sus hábitats por el hongo quítrido Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. Nuestra conclusión es que las salamandras mesoamericanas deberían ser promovidas como un grupo de enfoque de conservación por varias razones. Adicionalmente, sugerimos que estas salamandras se conviertan en el tema de un congreso científico que aborde la preparación de un plan para la protección de la diversidad y endemismo de estos anfibios para la perpetuidad lo más pronto posible.

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Biografía del autor/a

Elí García-Padilla, Oaxaca de Juarez

is a herpetologist primarily focused on the study of the Mexican herpetofauna. To date, he has authored or co-authored over 100 formal contributions to the scientific knowledge of the Mexican herpetofauna. Currently, he is employed as a formal Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles from Mexico in the electronic platform “Naturalista” of the Comisión Nacional para el Uso y Conocimiento de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO; www.naturalista.mx). One of his main passions is environmental education, and for several years he has been working on a variety of projects that include the use of photography and audiovisual media as powerful tools to reach large audiences and to promote the importance of the knowledge, protection, and conservation of the Mexican biological and cultural patrimony. Presently, he is undertaking an evaluation of the jaguar (Panthera onca) as an umbrella species for the conservation of the herpetofauna of Mesoamerica.

Dominic L. DeSantis, Georgia College & State University

is an Assistant Professor of Biology at Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville,  Georgia,  USA,  in  the  Department  of  Biological  and  Environmental  Sciences. Dominic’s  research  interests  broadly  include  the  behavioral  ecology,  conservation  biology,  and natural  history  of  herpetofauna. Dominic accompanied Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García-Padilla, and Larry David Wilson on survey and collecting expeditions to Oaxaca in 2015, 2016, and 2017, and is a co-author on numerous natural history conservation-oriented publications produced from those visits, including an invited book chapter on the conservation outlook for herpetofauna in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca. Overall, Dominic has authored or co-authored over 50 peer-reviewed scientific publications.

Arturo Rocha, El Paso Community College

is a herpetologist from El Paso, Texas. His interests include the study of biogeography and ecology of amphibians and reptiles in the southwestern United States and Mexico. A graduate of the University of Texas at El Paso, his thesis centered on the spatial ecology of the Trans-Pecos Rat Snake (Bogertophis subocularis) in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. To date, he has authored or co-authored over 10 peer-reviewed scientific publications

Vicente Mata-Silva, The University of Texas at El Paso

is a herpetologist originally from Río Grande, Oaxaca, Mexico. His interests include ecology, conservation, natural history, and biogeography of the herpetofaunas of Mexico, Central America, and the southwestern United States. He received his B.S. degree from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Vicente is an Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences at UTEP in the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, and Assistant Director of UTEP’s 40,000 acre Indio Mountains Research Station, located in the Chihuahuan Desert of Trans-Pecos, Texas. To date, Vicente has authored or coauthored over 100 peer-reviewed scientific publications.

Jerry D. Johnson, The University of Texas at El Paso

is Professor of Biological Sciences at The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), Director of UTEP’s 40,000-acre “Indio Mountains Research Station,” and has extensive experience studying the herpetofauna of Mesoamerica, especially that of southern Mexico. He was born in Salina, Kansas, and received a BS in Zoology at Fort Hays State University, a MS in Biology at UTEP, and a PhD in Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences from Texas A&M University. Johnson has authored or co-authored over 125 peer-reviewed papers, including two 2010 articles, “Geographic distribution and conservation of the herpetofauna of southeastern Mexico” and “Distributional patterns of the herpetofauna of Mesoamerica, a Biodiversity Hotspot.” Jerry was a co-editor on Conservation of Mesoamerican Amphibians and Reptiles and co-author of four of its chapters, co-author of Middle American Herpetology: A Bibliographic Checklist, and co-author of Mesoamerican Herpetology: Systematics, Zoogeography, and Conservation. He was also the senior author of the recent paper “A conservation reassessment of the Central American herpetofauna based on the EVS measure” and is Mesoamerica/Caribbean editor for Geographic Distribution section of Herpetological Review. One species, Tantilla johnsoni, was named in his honor. Presently, he is an Associate Editor and Co-chair of the Taxonomic Board for the journal Mesoamerican Herpetology.

Lydia Allison Fucsko, Swinburne University of Technology

Is an amphibian conservationist and environmental activist. She is also a gifted photographer who has taken countless pictures of amphibians, including photo galleries of mostly southeastern Australian frogs. Dr. Fucsko has postgraduate degrees in computer education and in vocational education and training from The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.  Additionally, Lydia holds a Master’s Degree in Counseling from Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia. She received her Ph.D. in environmental education, which promoted habitat conservation, species perpetuation, and global sustainable management from Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Fucsko, in addition, is an educational consultant. The species Tantilla lydia has been named recently in her honor.

David Lazcano-Villarreal, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Is a herpetologist who earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical science in 1980, and a bachelor’s degree in biology in 1982. In 1999 he earned a master’s degree in wildlife management, and later a doctoral degree in biological sciences with a specialty in wildlife management (2005), all gained from the Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Currently, he is a full-time professor at the same institution, where he teaches courses in animal behavior, biogeography, biology of chordates, and wildlife management. He is also the head of Laboratorio de Herpetología and Coordinación de Intercambio Académico de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas at UANL. Since 1979, he has been teaching and providing assistance in both undergraduate and graduate programs. His research interests include the study of the herpetofaunal diversity of northeastern Mexico, as well as the ecology, herpetology, biology of the chordates, biogeography, animal behavior, and population maintenance techniques of montane herpetofauna. In addition, the species Gerrhonotus lazcanoi has been named in his honor.

Larry David Wilson, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano

Is a herpetologist with lengthy experience in Mesoamerica. He was born in Taylorville, Illinois, United States, and received his university education at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana (B.S. degree), and at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge (M.S. and Ph.D. degrees). He has authored or co-authored more than 430 peer-reviewed papers and books on herpetology. Larry is the senior editor of Conservation of Mesoamerican Amphibians and Reptiles and the co-author of eight of its chapters. His other books include The Snakes of Honduras, Middle American Herpetology, The Amphibians of Honduras, Amphibians & Reptiles of the Bay Islands and Cayos Cochinos, Honduras, The Amphibians and Reptiles of the Honduran Mosquitia, and Guide to the Amphibians & Reptiles of Cusuco National Park, Honduras. To date, he has authored or co-authored the descriptions of 74 currently recognized herpetofaunal species, and seven species have been named in his honor, including the anuran Craugastor lauraster, the lizard Norops wilsoni, and the snakes Oxybelis wilsoni, Myriopholis wilsoni, and Cerrophidion wilsoni. Currently, Larry is Co-chair of the Taxonomic Board for the journal Mesoamerican Herpetology

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Publicado

2021-01-31

Cómo citar

García-Padilla, E., DeSantis, D. L., Rocha, A., Mata-Silva, V., Johnson, J. D., Fucsko, L. A., Lazcano-Villarreal, D., & Wilson, L. D. (2021). Salamandras Mesoamericanas (Amphibia: Caudata) como Grupo Focal de Conservación. Biología Y Sociedad, 4(7), 43–87. https://doi.org/10.29105/bys4.7-20

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Vol. 4 Núm. 7 (2021): Enero-Junio 2021

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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.