Potencial nutricional y terapéutico de la tuna y de sus subproductos
Un panorama general de su composición química y aplicaciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/bys7.14-126Palabras clave:
Compuestos bioactivos, valorización de subproductos, alimentos funcionales, industria alimentaria, salud humanaResumen
Esta contribución abordó la problemática de la subutilización de la tuna y sus subproductos, a pesar de su rica composición química y perfil nutricional, que incluye glucosa, fructosa, proteínas, minerales, vitaminas, ácidos grasos, fitoesteroles y polifenoles. La hipótesis central sugirió que estos componentes bioactivos pueden ser aprovechados para el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales y como complemento en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades, contribuyendo así al bienestar humano y al crecimiento económico en regiones donde la tuna es culturalmente significativa. El objetivo del estudio fue brindar un panorama general de la composición química, el perfil nutricional, los compuestos bioactivos de la tuna y las aplicaciones potenciales de sus subproductos, promoviendo el uso de estos últimos en la formulación de alimentos funcionales y como complemento terapéutico. Los hallazgos principales revelaron que la tuna, una fruta no climatérica, y sus subproductos, son una fuente valiosa de fibra y compuestos bioactivos con propiedades antioxidantes, antiaterogénicas, antiulcerogénicas, antimicrobianas, antiinflamatorias, neuroprotectoras, hepatoprotectoras, antidiabéticas, hipolipidémicas e hipocolesterolémicas. Además, se destacó la aplicación de la estrategia universal de recuperación de compuestos bioactivos para la extracción eficiente de estos compuestos de los subproductos de la tuna, lo que subrayó su potencial económico. En conclusión, el manuscrito demostró que la tuna y sus subproductos tienen un potencial significativo para la salud humana y la economía, especialmente en México, el principal productor mundial, y que su valorización sostenible puede ser una estrategia clave para impulsar su uso en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica.
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