Paleoambientes en la Península de Yucatán
historia climática y paleoecológica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/bys9.17-230Keywords:
Cambio climático, Holoceno, Cultura Maya, Sequías extremas, ENSO, Interacción humano-ambienteAbstract
La Península de Yucatán ha experimentado transformaciones climáticas y ecológicas significativas a lo largo de su historia geológica. Durante el Pleistoceno, los ciclos orbitales, variaciones en la temperatura, el nivel del mar y la disponibilidad de agua. Tipos de vegetación adaptada a condiciones áridas, como sabanas y matorrales, predominaron el paisaje hasta el inicio del Holoceno, donde el aumento de la temperatura global permitió la reexpansión de las selvas tropicales y el desarrollo de ecosistemas acuáticos. A lo largo del Holoceno, la dinámica climática estuvo influenciada por forzamientos globales como la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical (ITCZ) y la Oscilación del Sur de El Niño (ENSO), que afectaron los patrones de precipitación y disponibilidad de agua. Durante el Holoceno temprano, condiciones óptimas favorecieron la estabilidad ecológica, mientras que el Holoceno medio estuvo marcado por una tendencia hacia la aridificación y la fragmentación de las selvas. En el Holoceno tardío, la variabilidad climática se intensificó, con eventos alternados de sequías y precipitaciones extremas que impactaron tanto los ecosistemas como las sociedades humanas, incluyendo la civilización maya. Eventos climáticos recientes, como el Período Cálido Medieval y la Pequeña Edad de Hielo, también influyeron en la hidrología y biodiversidad de la región. El estudio de estos cambios a través del registro fósil permite comprender mejor la relación entre el clima, la vegetación y la actividad humana, proporcionando información clave para la gestión de los ecosistemas en un contexto de cambio climático actual.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Alejandro Antonio Aragón-Moreno, Gerald Alexander Islebe
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