Aliados invisibles del nogal pecanero
el papel de los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/bys9.18-266Keywords:
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), plant-microorganism symbiosis, pecan tree, water deficitAbstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiosis with the roots of most terrestrial plants, enhancing water and nutrient uptake, as well as physiological regulation under adverse environmental conditions. In perennial crops such as pecan (Carya illinoinensis), this interaction has gained relevance due to its potential to improve productivity and fruit quality, especially in semi-arid regions where water availability is limited. The diversity of AMF in pecan production systems depends on soil type, agronomic management, and climatic conditions, with native microorganisms representing a promising alternative as bioinputs. Under water stress conditions, AMF improve plant tolerance through physiological adjustments, activation of antioxidant systems, and increased efficiency in phosphorus uptake. Additionally, AMF can increase the concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in pecan nuts, enhancing their nutraceutical value. Overall, the use of AMF represents a sustainable strategy to improve crop resilience, soil fertility, and the functional quality of the fruit.
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