The amphibians and reptiles of the Northern Selva Lacandona:

Nahá and Metzabok, Ocosingo, Chiapas, México; with some ethnoherpetological notes

Authors

  • Ana Iris Melgar-Martínez Centro Ecoturístico Tres Lagunas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3462-3367
  • Felipe Ruan-Soto Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas
  • Eduardo Chankin-Chankayun Centro Ecoturístico Tres Lagunas
  • Elí García-Padilla Biodiversidad Mesoamericana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-8458
  • Iván Villalobos-Juárez Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes
  • Vicente Mata-Silva The University of Texas at El Paso https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-1844
  • Eduardo Alexis López-Esquivel Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5539-7389
  • Lydia Allison Fucsko University of Technology, Melbourne
  • Mario C. Lavariega 9Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2513-8244
  • Jerry D. Johnson The University of Texas at El Paso
  • David Lazcano Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
  • Larry David Wilson Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/bys6.12-91

Keywords:

Ethnoherpetology, Amphibians, Reptiles, Selva Lacandona, Nahá, Metzabok

Abstract

Chiapas harbors significant biological and cultural diversity. The region known as Selva Lacandona is an ideal example to study what is called the “biocultural axiom”. This neotropical region is inhabited by multiple indigenous groups, such as the Tsotziles, Tseltales, Tojolabales, Ch’oles, Kanjobales, Chujes, Mames, Lacandones (Hach Winik), and Zoques. The herpetofaunistic diversity of Chiapas is currently represented by 107 species of amphibians and 223 species of reptiles. In the Selva Lacandona region a total of 35 species of amphibians and 90 reptiles has been documented, with some areas still remaining to be formally explored. Traditionally, the use of natural resources by native indigenous communities has been linked to the selective use of those species that have economical, traditional, and/or magical-religious value. Many of these human groups have a deep traditional knowledge about the environment in which they live, as well as the diversity of plant, fungal, and animal species with which they have coexisted over millennia. The Nahá and Metzabok communities are inhabited by the Maya-Lacandón del Norte culture. The objective of this study is to identify the herpetofaunistic species diversity found within the Flora and Fauna Protection Areas (APFF´s) of Nahá and
Metzabok. Additionally, we analyzed whether the Lacandones from the north have a herpetofaunistic ethnical taxonomic classification system. A total of 67 species that are recognized by the Lacandones were recorded for both APFFs. The Lacandones del Norte classify the herpetofauna into six groups, i.e., Ak (Turtles), Kan (Snakes), Ayim (Crocodiles), Torok (Lizards), Xut (Frogs), and Be’p (Toads). For Metzabok, the three most frequently mentioned species are Bothrops asper, Boa imperator, and Crocodylus moreletii. For Nahá, the three species of most importance are Basiliscus vittatus, Boa imperator, and Kinosternon leucostomum. The differences
lie in the fact that for the Lacandones of Metzabok, the most important animals are those that are represented in their oral narratives, while for the Nahá community; the most important species are those that they usually find on a daily basis when walking along the trails in the jungle.

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Author Biographies

Ana Iris Melgar-Martínez, Centro Ecoturístico Tres Lagunas

Is a biologist graduated from the Chiapas University of Sciences and Arts. It has been dedicated to the study of the traditional knowledge of the Lacandon Mayan peoples of the north and south, currently it belongs to the Hach Winik. He has dedicated himself to training for the management of herpetofauna and ophidian accident and thanks to this he can carry out rescue work, workshops and environmental education to interested young people within the Lacandón area. Among his interests are nature photography and video with said material, he generates photos, infographics and videos to share them on digital platforms and speed up the dissemination of the importance of wild species.

Felipe Ruan-Soto, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas

Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, is a biologist graduated from Facultad de Ciencias at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. He got his Master’s degree on Natural Resources and Rural Development at El Colegio de la Frontera Sur and went on to obtain a PhD in the Biological Science Graduate Program at UNAM. He completed two years as a postdoctoral fellow at CIMSUR-UNAM. He is a professor and collaborator at the Biocultural processes, education and sustainability laboratory at Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas in Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas. He has presided over the Asociación Etnobiológica Mexicana (Mexican Ethnobiology Association AEM) and been vice-president to the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Etnobiología (Latin American Ethnobiology Society, SOLAE). His area of focus is socioenvironmental systems and biocultural diversity from an ethnobiology perspective.

Elí García-Padilla, Biodiversidad Mesoamericana

Biodiversidad Mesoamericana, is a Social Biologist and Professional Photographer with more than 12 years of experience in the formal study and photo documentation of the biological and cultural diversity of Mexico. He has published 1 book entitled “Mexican biodiversity: the snake, the jaguar and the quetzal” and more than 100 formal contributions on knowledge, communication of science and conservation of Mesoamerican biodiversity. Since 2006, it has invested effort in the exploration of Oaxaca and Chiapas, which are the most biodiverse and multicultural entities in Mexico. In 2017 he began to enter the mythical region of Los Chimalapas, in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, which is the most biologically rich in all of Mexico under a community social conservation scheme. He has published his photographic work in prestigious magazines such as National Geographic in Spanish and Cuartoscuro. From 2020 to date, he co-founded the “Mesoamerican Biodiversity” initiative with the aim
of creating a community around the dissemination of the most important wealth of Mexico, which is its
biodiversity and its culture. His texts are published regularly in Oaxaca Media, the Jornada Ecológica and the Ojarasca Supplement of La Jornada.

Iván Villalobos-Juárez, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes

Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. obtained his undergraduate degree in Biology at the Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes (UAA), but, in the past, he studied Marketing in the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Aguascalientes. Ivan is an Associate Professor of Biology at UAA and a professor in Universidad Autónoma de Durango. He is also a Research Technical Assistant at the Zoological Collection in UAA. Ivan was the last Program Manager
of Viper Specialist Group of the International Union for a Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and was a curator of the taxonomic platform Reptile Database. He has worked on the natural history of the Isla Coronado Rattlesnake (Crotalus helleri caliginis), habitat use of rattlesnakes in Central Mexico, trade of Mexican rattlesnakes, and the popular knowledge of reptiles. His primary interests include natural history, diversity, and conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Mexico.

Eduardo Alexis López-Esquivel, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Is a Mexican biogeographer, who received a B.Sc. in Biology in the Facultad de Ciencias from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Nowadays, he is a M.Sc. student in the Biological Sciences program of his “alma mater.” His main interest is the study of long-term vegetation dynamics at Middle America, which he approaches using paleoecological and macroecological methods.

Lydia Allison Fucsko, University of Technology, Melbourne

Swinburne University of Technology, is an amphibian conservationist and environmental activist. She is also a gifted photographer who has taken countless pictures of amphibians, including photo galleries of mostly southeastern Australian frogs. Dra. Fucsko has postgraduate degrees in computer education and in vocational education and training from The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia. Lydia also holds a Master’s Degree in Counseling from Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia. She received her Ph.D. in Environmental Education, which promoted habitat conservation, species perpetuation, and global sustainable management from Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Australia. In addition, Dra. Fucsko is a sought-after educational consultant. Recently, the species Tantilla lydia was named in her honor.

Mario C. Lavariega, 9Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Instituto Politécnico Nacional, is an Associate Professor at the Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigation para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. His research is focused on community-based conservation.

Jerry D. Johnson, The University of Texas at El Paso

University of Texas at El Paso, is Professor of Biological Sciences at The University of Texas at El Paso, and has extensive experience studying the herpetofauna of Mesoamerica, especially that of southern Mexico. Jerry is the Director of the 40,000-acre Indio Mountains Research Station, was a co-editor of the book Conservation of Mesoamerican Amphibians and Reptiles and co-author of four of its chapters. He is the senior author of the recent paper “A conservation reassessment of the Central American herpetofauna based on the EVS measure” and is the Mesoamerica/Caribbean editor for the Geographic Distribution section of Herpetological Review. Jerry has authored or co-authored over 100 peer-reviewed papers, including two key articles in 2010, “Geographic distribution and conservation of the herpetofauna of southeastern Mexico” and “Distributional patterns of the herpetofauna of Mesoamerica, a biodiversity hotspot.” One species, Tantilla johnsoni, has been named in his honor.
Previously, he was an Associate Editor and Co-chair of the Taxonomic Board for the journal Mesoamerican Herpetology.

David Lazcano, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Is a herpetologist who earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical science in 1980, and a bachelor’s degree in biology in 1982. In 1999 he earned a master’s degree in wildlife management and later a PhD degree in biological sciences with a specialty in wildlife management (2005), all gained from the Facultad de Ciencias Biólogicas of the Universidad Autonóma de Nuevo León (FCB/UANL), Mexico. Currently, has retired from this institution after 42 years of teaching courses in soil sciences, general ecology, herpetology, herpetological ecology, animal behavior, biogeography, biology in English, diversity and biology of chordates, and wildlife management. He had been the head of the Laboratorio de Herpetología from 1993-2022, teaching and providing assistance in both undergraduate and graduate programs. In 2006 he was honored to receive the Joseph Lazlo award for his herpetological trajectory, from the IHS. In October 2017 he was awarded national recognition by the Asociación para la Investigación y Conservación de Anfibios y Reptiles (AICAR), due to his contribution to the study of ecology and conservation of herpetofauna in northeastern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila). He participated in the development of the Program of Action for the Conservation of the Species (PACE) Rattlesnakes (Crotalus spp.). His research interests include the study of the herpetofaunal diversity of northeastern Mexico, as well as the ecology, herpetology, biology of the chordates, biogeography, animal behavior, and population maintenance techniques of montane herps. He had been thesis advisor for many Bachelor’s, Master’s, and PhD degrees dealing with the study of the herpetofauna of the region as well as nationally. David has published more 270 scientific notes and articles in indexed and general diffusion journals, concerning the herpetofauna of the northeastern portion of Mexico. His students named a species in honor of his work, Gerrhonotus lazcanoi. Is still an active herpetologist.

Larry David Wilson, Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad, Escuela Agrícola Panamericana Zamorano

is a herpetologist with lengthy experience in Mesoamerica. He was born in Taylorville, Illinois, United States, and received his university education at the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana (B.S. degree) and at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge (M.S. and Ph.D. degrees). He has authored or co-authored more than 460 peer-reviewed papers and books on herpetology. Larry is the senior editor of Conservation of Mesoamerican Amphibians and Reptiles and the co-author of seven of its chapters. His other books include The Snakes of Honduras, Middle American Herpetology, The Amphibians of Honduras, Amphibians & Reptiles of the Bay Islands and Cayos Cochinos, Honduras, The Amphibians and Reptiles of the Honduran Mosquitia, and Guide to the Amphibians & Reptiles of Cusuco National Park, Honduras. To date, he has authored or co-authored the descriptions of 75 currently recognized herpetofaunal species, and seven species have been named in his honor, including the anuran Craugastor lauraster, the lizard Norops wilsoni, and the snakes Oxybelis wilsoni, Myriopholis wilsoni, and Cerrophidion wilsoni. In 2005, he was designated a Distinguished Scholar in the Field of Herpetology at the Kendall Campus of Miami-Dade College. Currently, Larry is a Co-chair of the Taxonomic Board for the website Mesoamerican Herpetology.

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2023-06-22

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Melgar-Martínez, A. I., Ruan-Soto, F., Chankin-Chankayun, E., García-Padilla, E., Villalobos-Juárez, I., Mata-Silva, V., … Wilson, L. D. (2023). The amphibians and reptiles of the Northern Selva Lacandona:: Nahá and Metzabok, Ocosingo, Chiapas, México; with some ethnoherpetological notes. Biología Y Sociedad, 6(12), 48–78. https://doi.org/10.29105/bys6.12-91

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Vol. 6 No. 12 (2023): Segundo semestre 2023

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Copyright (c) 2023 Ana Iris Melgar-Martínez, Felipe Ruan-Soto, Eduardo Chankin-Chankayun, Elí García-Padilla, Iván Villalobos-Juárez, Vicente Mata-Silva, Eduardo Alexis López-Esquivel, Lydia Allison Fucsko, Mario C. Lavariega, Jerry D. Johnson, David Lazcano, Larry David Wilson

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