¿Qué atrae a las hembras de los mosquitos a oviponer?
Los secretos detrás de sus elecciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29105/bys8.16-193Palabras clave:
Mosquitos, comportamiento de oviposición, infoquímicos, semioquímicos, urbanización, cambio climático.ovitrampa autocida, control vectorialResumen
La selección de sitios de oviposición por parte de las hembras de mosquitos es un proceso multifactorial que integra señales químicas, factores físicos y adaptaciones evolutivas. Este comportamiento no solo asegura la supervivencia de la descendencia, sino que también tiene implicaciones críticas en la transmisión de enfermedades como el dengue, malaria y Zika, entre otras. Este artículo explora los mecanismos involucrados en la selección de sitios de oviposición, destacando el papel de las señales químicas, su integración con factores físicos y procesos ecológicos. También se aborda cómo la urbanización y el cambio climático han alterado significativamente los patrones de oviposición, generando hábitats artificiales y modificando la dinámica poblacional de los mosquitos. Finalmente, se analiza cómo estos conocimientos han impulsado el desarrollo de herramientas innovadoras de control vectorial, incluyendo ovitrampas autocidas, dispositivos autodiseminadores y materiales novedosos como hidrogeles y semioquímicos para atraer o repeler hembras grávidas. Estas estrategias integradas ofrecen herramientas efectivas para la vigilancia, reducción de poblaciones vectoriales y mitigación de enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos.
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